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	<title>筆記策略 &#8211; 林怡辰老師的國小作文教學日誌</title>
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		<title>社會筆記來救命：老師我看不懂社會課本&#8230;..</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Dec 2017 18:34:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[社會領域]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[筆記策略]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[上一次帶班，發現孩子對於社會有很大的困難，詳情請見：https://yichanlin.com/2016/05 &#8230; ]]></description>
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上一次帶班，發現孩子對於社會有很大的困難，詳情請見：<a href="https://yichanlin.com/2016/05/3080.html">https://yichanlin.com/2016/05/3080.html</a>(社會成績30分到80分的秘密)</div>
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然後這一班，產假回來，發現每到體育課或是資訊課、午休，總是一堆人留在教室裡。孩子說：老師，我們要寫社會罰寫。</div>
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原來是社會作業簿錯太多，社會老師請他們錯的要抄錄一次。</div>
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一個禮拜過了，下個禮拜又有新的社會作業簿的作業，又抄一次，幾個禮拜下來，都是那些老面孔。</div>
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我好奇問：這個作業不是回家寫的嗎？</div>
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孩子：是啊！</div>
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我：那不是可以看著課本寫作業嗎？</div>
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孩子：是阿！</div>
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我靈機一轉：該不會是<span style="color: red;">看著課本找不出來答案</span>吧？</div>
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孩子：是阿！老師，<span style="color: blue;">我們社會課本都看不懂，找不出答案&#8230;&#8230;</span></div>
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唉！雖然產假前已經有請孩子寫過社會筆記，但社會課本後面的題目變難，詞語也更難更抽象，我觀察這些被留下來的孩子，不用心寫隨便亂飆的有，但普遍也真的是閱讀力較弱的孩子。</div>
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那就用綜合課，再來教授一下社會筆記吧！</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">小提醒：這裡的社會筆記純粹是筆記策略，並未有教授社會課。所以這篇沒有涵蓋比較開放性的問題、或是歷史思辯、作報告等深入課堂活動。畢竟對於孩子來說，能讀懂課本、做出筆記，才有後面更深入高層次的學習啊！</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">一、筆記大觀</span></div>
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先讓孩子看一下老師以前做的筆記、優秀孩子的筆記。並請孩子注意重點。</div>
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例如善用顏色、表格等等。</div>
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└這個是以前報考教甄時做的筆記，現在還有很多內容都還記得。</div>
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上課老師說明的也要加注筆記。</div>
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└可以多用圖表簡化複雜的內容。</div>
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└條列式羅列。</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">二、課本單元名稱、小節名稱、大標、和圖表說明。</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 並引入預測策略。</span></div>
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開始講到台灣的先民。接下來要說的是荷西時代的紅毛人和鄭氏時代。</div>
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先讓孩子對於單元有印象。</div>
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接下來要做得是「<span style="color: red;">海上來的紅毛人</span>」</div>
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裡面總共分成幾個小標：<span style="color: red;">早期漢人和台灣的接觸</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 歐洲人和台灣的接觸</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 荷蘭人統治台灣</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 漢人的反抗</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 西班牙人統治台灣北部</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 荷西對台灣的影響</span></div>
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從這裡可以看見，整個小節的脈絡非常清楚。</div>
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先說明漢人、接下來說明歐洲人。</div>
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後面都著重在荷蘭和西班牙的部分。</div>
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如果在剛開始讓孩子有對整個小節有這樣的印象，就會對整本社會課本脈絡清楚得多。</div>
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學起來也比較輕鬆。</div>
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<span style="color: red;">早期漢人和台灣的接觸</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">歐洲人和台灣的接觸</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">荷蘭人統治台灣</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">&nbsp;漢人的反抗</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">西班牙人統治台灣北部</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">荷西對台灣的影響</span></div>
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而標題也是重要的考題，從標題可以看見早期漢人並未統治、歐洲最早發現是葡萄牙人。</div>
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主要統治是荷蘭人和西班牙人。且要知道荷西對台灣有甚麼影響。</div>
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綱目有了，再慢慢接下去看裡面的內容。</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">三、顏色共識。</span></div>
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只有一個顏色，沒有辦法看出重點。顏色太多反而會干擾，孩子會一直換筆，也會失焦。公嘗第一次孩子寫筆記的時候，我只會請孩子用四個顏色。</div>
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一般使用<span style="color: blue;">藍筆</span>、<span style="color: red;">紅筆</span>寫重點、<span style="color: lime;">紫色或是綠色</span>寫例子、<span style="background-color: yellow;">螢光筆</span>畫非常重要、常常錯誤的地方。</div>
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鉛筆可以寫不確定的地方。</div>
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並且請孩子抄錄在社會筆記前面，方便翻閱。</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">四、老師示範孩子習寫。</span></div>
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這裡就相當重要，尤其老師放聲思考，那些需要重要的摘錄、那些可以跳過、筆記不用精美字體超級端正，有時候甚至可以畫圖幫助理解。</div>
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怎麼篩選和思考，就依靠老師的放聲思考。尤其比較弱的孩子，其實大部分是社會課本裡的語句不懂，藉由老師轉譯、示範怎麼猜測、怎麼建立段落連結，這個步驟相當重要。</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">五、自己練習</span></div>
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重要的是自己練習，並和老師對答看看是否抓到重點。</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">六、社會作業簿練習</span></div>
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做完一小節之後，就可以做做社會作業簿裡面的題目，一來可以檢查一下自己是否融會貫通，另外一方面也可以改變一下口味，轉換學習方式。</div>
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孩子在讀完課本、做完筆記，到社會筆記的時候，大部分因為社會筆記的語句換句話說、或是加入新的詞語孩子沒有辦法辨別，就需要老師再給鷹架。</div>
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﻿例如第一個小標學完，知道最早期漢人來台接觸在<span style="color: red;">澎湖</span>。十七世紀<span style="color: red;">顏思齊</span>和<span style="color: red;">鄭芝</span>龍在<span style="color: red;">中南部</span>，尤其從<span style="color: red;">福建</span>找人來。但並<span style="color: red;">沒有正式派官統治</span>。</div>
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於是，就可以分段請孩子寫是非題第一題：</div>
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(<span style="color: red;"> ○</span> )澎湖由於離中國大陸較近，早在十一、十二世紀就有漢人移居的紀錄。</div>
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這題就會了。</div>
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還有是非第十題：</div>
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(&nbsp; <span style="color: red;">X&nbsp;</span> )十七世紀初，中國已經正式派官治理台灣。</div>
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也可以很輕鬆答題。</div>
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還有選擇題第一題：</div>
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( <span style="color: red;">2 </span>)十七世紀初，海盜顏思齊、鄭芝龍等率領一群人到臺灣，並在哪個地區建立據點？1東北部2中南部3馬祖列島4澎湖列島</div>
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也可以清楚知道了。</div>
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因為對於有些閱讀力較弱的孩子，全部上完，社會課本的用字又比較深入一點，閱讀上這些孩子不理解。等全部章節一多，全部混在一起，要去找尋答案，真的是很困難的事情。</div>
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但經由這樣切成小單位，孩子馬上就說：很簡單！</div>
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也因為這樣，全部上完之後，發現孩子馬上就對於社會作業簿覺得很簡單，之前常常寫出來是紅字，現在幾乎都全對。</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">七、回家作業</span></div>
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回家在練習兩個部分：一部分筆記、一部分社會作業簿的題目。</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">八、同儕觀摩</span></div>
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隔天來開放同學觀摩，看看其他人的筆記，見賢思齊。也刺激一下動機比較低的孩子。</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">九、錯誤習題比較</span></div>
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<span style="color: black;">全班都有錯誤的題目，就可以比較表格，也加強在筆記上，這樣下次閱讀筆記的時候就可以更掌握這裡的缺點，把握住缺失的地方。</span></div>
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當然，對於這些閱讀較弱的孩子來說，到寫題還會出現其他的困難。</div>
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例如：</div>
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<span style="color: red;">第一，是非題有部分對、部份錯誤的敘述，孩子就無法辨別。</span>要馬上引導這就是錯的，並請他明確說出是哪個地方錯。</div>
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<span style="color: red;">第二，像是敘述和課本不一樣</span>的時候，閱讀力弱的孩子就無法判別。這裡就只能靠大量閱讀和老師放聲思考、其他語詞鷹架來幫忙。</div>
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第三，閱讀語詞裡解。像是選擇題第八題，大多數學生有錯誤：</div>
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<span style="color: red;">(&nbsp; &nbsp;)十七世紀時，最早在臺灣建立統制政權的是下列哪一國人？1西班牙人2葡萄牙人3荷蘭人4英國人</span></div>
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一堆孩子寫1</div>
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因為只有看到「最早」，<span style="color: red;">但「最早接觸臺灣」和「最早建立政權」是不一樣的兩回事。</span></div>
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就需要建立比較表格和澄清。</div>
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經過這樣的教學，有些閱讀力較弱的孩子，就可以清楚的理解課本，其他，再藉由社會老師的學識淵博，補充其它影片和內容知識、情意等等，社會課，其實好玩又享受啊！</div>
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複習一下步驟：</div>
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<span style="color: blue;">一、筆記觀摩&nbsp;</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">二、課本單元和大小標連結</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">三、顏色要有共識</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">四、老師示範孩子習寫</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">五、自己練習</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">六、社會作業簿練習</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">七、回家作業</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">八、同儕觀摩</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">九、錯誤習題比較</span></div>
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